Arrays — Basics

// Array create
let fruits = ["apple", "banana", "mango"];
let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
let mixed = ["text", 42, true, null]; // mixed types allowed

// Access by index (0-based)
console.log(fruits[0]); // "apple"
console.log(fruits[1]); // "banana"
console.log(fruits[2]); // "mango"

// Length
console.log(fruits.length); // 3

// Last element
console.log(fruits[fruits.length - 1]); // "mango"

let arr = ["a", "b", "c"];

// push — end mein add
arr.push("d");
console.log(arr); // ["a", "b", "c", "d"]

// pop — end se remove
arr.pop();
console.log(arr); // ["a", "b", "c"]

// unshift — start mein add
arr.unshift("z");
console.log(arr); // ["z", "a", "b", "c"]

// shift — start se remove
arr.shift();
console.log(arr); // ["a", "b", "c"]

// splice — kisi bhi jagah se
arr.splice(1, 1);        // index 1 se 1 item remove
arr.splice(1, 0, "x");   // index 1 par "x" add

let students = ["Ahmed", "Ali", "Sara", "Zara"];

// for loop
for (let i = 0; i < students.length; i++) {
  console.log(i + 1, students[i]);
}

// for...of (cleaner)
for (let student of students) {
  console.log("Student:", student);
}

// forEach
students.forEach((student, index) => {
  console.log(`${index + 1}. ${student}`);
});